A Short History Of Muslim Rule In India – Prasad Ishwari

For fifteen years he was persecuted by the malice of destiny, but he never lost the equanimity of his temper and endured his misfortune with great patience and fortitude. Throughout his life Humayun behaved as an indulgent master, a warm-hearted friend and an amiable gentleman, always willing and prompt to show gratitude to those who rendered him service.

At the time of Humayun’s death Akbar was absent in the Punjab whither he had gone with Bairam Khan to- put an end to the misgovernment of Abdul- Alba* f mali the local ^vernor. As he was re- turning from there he received at Kalanur, an express informing him of the sad event. There was much commotion in the camp but the chiefs and nobles after the customary rites of mourning proceeded to the coronation ceremony which took place in a modest garden on February 14, 1556. As the Prince was a mere boy of thirteen, his father’s old and faithful friend Bairam Khan undertook to act &s regent for him, and formally assumed charge of the affairs of the empire India was neither homogeneous nor well-governed in 1556.

The provinces of Hindustan were in a state of dis- order and the country round Delhi and Agra dft^n oflndil was in the throes of a terrible famine. The late emperor had all his life wandered from place to place and had found no time to organise and consolidate his empire. After his death the whole country was reduced to a congeries of states. Towards the north-west, Kabul with its dependencies was under Mirza Muhammad Hakim, Akbar’s brother, who acted aa an independent ruler, and the empire of Hindustan did not lie beyond the scope of his “ambition.

Kashmir had also become an independent state under a local Muhammadan dynasty, and the Himalayan states in the neighbourhood enjoyed a similar position. Sindh and Multan had separated from the empire of Delhi after the death of Sher Shah and formed themselves into independent kingdoms. Bengal was ruled by kings of the Sur dynasty ; Muhammad Adil ever since his expulsion from Delhi by his powerful relative Ibrahim Khan had retired to the east, but his indomitable minister Hemu was already in the field at the head of a large army to prevent Akbar from taking quiet possession of his father’s dominions.

Another Sur claimant was Sikandar who since his defeat by Bairam Khan in the battle of -Sarhind in 1555 was wandering in the Punjab, cherishing the hope that by a stroke of fortuitous good luck he might be able to recover the throne of Sher Shah. To the west of Delhi the Rajput princes exercised independent sway in their mountain fastnesses.

The most important states at this time were Mewar, Jesalmir, Bundi and Jodhpur, ren- dered illustrious in the annals of Rajasthan by the heroic exploits of their warriors.

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