Archaeology Theories Methods And Practice – Colin Renfrew And Paul Bahn

(together with pottery evidence for a brief occupation) the site’s timespan has been estimated at 20 to 30 years. On the fringe of the terrace and down a steep slope were 7 concentrations of shells, each up to a meter thick and yielding a total volume of about 450 cu. m (589 cu.

yd). Samples proved to contain 22 species of mollusk, all typical of a tidal assemblage from a sandy bottom. Although the most abundant shell type was a tiny gastropod, it was the dominant bivalve – the clam Meretrix lusoria – that was probably the most important mollusk. About 3 million clams were represented in the site. From their shell heights, Koike was Over 600 shell mounds of the Neolithic Jomon period are known in the area around Tokyo Bay, Japan, and contain many kinds of food remains.

The mound of Kidosaku, on the east coast of the bay and dating from the early 2nd millennium BC, has been analyzed in depth by Hiroko Koike. Her results indicate the wealth of detail about diet, length and season of occupation, and population size that can be obtained from a small shell mound. Size of population was assessed by studying the 10 circular dwelling pits on the site’s terrace. From their overlapping it was established that an average of only 3 had been in use at any one time. The size of the dwellings (11–28 sq.

m; 13–33 sq. yd) implies that between 3 and 9 people occupied each house (see Chapter 11), giving a maximum population for the site of 23, and more likely between 12 and 18. The dwellings appear to have been rebuilt four times, and on that basis able to calculate the wet weight of the living clams, and reached a figure of 30 to 45 tons of clams at the site.

Analysis of growth structures in shells, especially bivalves, can provide important information on the season of exploitation. Under the microscope, one can see that the shell’s cross-section has fine striations – these are the daily growth lines.

Copyright © 1991, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, and 2012 Thames & Hudson Ltd, London Text (unless otherwise indicated) Copyright © 1991 and 2012 Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn For other textual credits see acknowledgments All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any other information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.

First published in 1991 in the United States of America by Thames & Hudson Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10110 thamesandhudsonusa.com Sixth edition 2012 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 2011931504 ISBN 978-0-500-28976-1 Printed and bound in China by C&C Offset Printing Co. Ltd ISBN 978-0-500-77112-9 (pdf ebook) BOX FEATURES Experimental Archaeology 53 Wet Preservation: The Ozette Site 62 Dry Preservation: The Tomb of Tutankhamun 64 Cold Preservation 1: Mountain “Mummies” 67 Cold Preservation 2: The Iceman 68 3 Where?

Survey and Excavation of Sites and Features 71 Discovering Archaeological Sites and Features 72 Assessing the Layout of Sites and Features 93 Excavation 104 Summary 120 Further Reading 120 BOX FEATURES The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project 74 Sampling Strategies 77 Identifying Archaeological Sites from Above 80 Lasers in the Jungle 84 GIS and the Giza Plateau 90 Tell Halula: Multi-period Surface Investigations 96 Geophysical Survey at Roman Wroxeter 100 Measuring Magnetism 102 Underwater Archaeology 107 Excavating the Red Bay Wreck 108 Jamestown Rediscovery: The Excavation Process 111 Excavating the Amesbury Archer 114 4 When?

Dating Methods and Chronology 121 Relative Dating 122 Stratigraphy 122 Typological Sequences 123 Linguistic Dating 126 Climate and Chronology 126 Absolute Dating 128 Calendars and Historical Chronologies 130 Annual Cycles: Varves and Tree-Rings 132 Radioactive Clocks 136 Other Absolute Dating Methods 147 Preface to the College Edition 9 Introduction The Nature and Aims of Archaeology 12 PART I The Framework of Archaeology 19 1 The Searchers The History of Archaeology 21 The Speculative Phase 22 The Beginnings of Modern Archaeology 26 Classification and Consolidation 32 A Turning Point in Archaeology 40 World Archaeology 41 Summary 48 Further Reading 48 BOX FEATURES Digging Pompeii: Past and Present 24 Evolution: Darwin’s Great Idea 27 North American Archaeological Pioneers 30 The Development of Field Techniques 33 Women Pioneers of Archaeology 38 Processual Archaeology: Key Concepts 41 Interpretive or Postprocessual Archaeologies 44 Çatalhöyük: Interpretive Archaeologies in Action 46 2 What is Left?

This is a short excerpt from the opening of “” by Unknown, quoted for review and introduction purposes. All rights belong to the copyright holders.

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