Communism The Highest Stage Of Ecology – Guillaume Suing

The protection and development of forests, agricultural techniques simi- lar to today’s permaculture and agroecology, and the development of the famous zapovedniki. These protected nature reserves, for which Russia is still famous today, were developed in Soviet Russia following the nationalization of land after the Bolshevik revolution. Lenin thought it would be a good idea to generalize to the whole territory the unique experience of the fa- mous Dokuchaev on a first zapovednik created in a very limited Russian steppe.

Only a revolution could expropriate the feudal lords in order to manage and integrate the Russian soil, now a recognized and protect- ed national asset. The multiplication of such zapovedniki was then easily achieved, since the State owned them on the legal basis of the law “On Natural Monuments, Gardens and Parks” conceived by Lenin in 1921, inspired by the agronomist Podiapolski.

While hunting and fishing were strictly limited and controlled on all territories, access to the reserves was banned outright (except for accredited scientists). The aim was to cre- ate wilderness reserves throughout the country, both to protect the great diversity of the Soviet environment and its biodiversity, and to enable agronomists to draw inspiration from nature and its natural cycles, adapt- ing the most appropriate agricultural techniques to local conditions. These zapovedniki were places of science, protection of natural re- sources and instruction for farmers, who were more interested in nature’s complex biological responses to permanent environmental disturbances than in formalist, purely “chemical” responses that could be used every- where, all the time.

Following the recommendations of Vernadsky and his disciple Koje- vnikov, each zapovednik was to function as an association of autonomous ecosystems, presenting all trophic levels and resembling an ideal fragment of the biosphere.

olympia | london | dublin Published by Iskra Books © 2025 Originally published as L’écologie réelle: Une histoire soviétique et cubaine by Éditions Delga © 2018 All rights reserved. The moral rights of the author have been asserted. Iskra Books U.S. | Britain | Ireland www.iskrabooks.org Iskra Books is an independent scholarly publisher—publishing original works of revolutionary theory, history, education, and art, as well as edited collections, new translations, and critical republications of older works.

ISBN-13 (Jacketed Hardcover) 979-8-3485-3874-3 ISBN-13 (Softcover) 979-8-3485-3829-3 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Editing and Proofing by David Peat Typsetting by David Peat & Ben Stahnke Cover Art and Book Design by Ben Stahnke Interior Figures, Tables, and Maps by Taylor R.

Genovese & Ben Stahnke Contents Translators’ Foreword xi Original Foreword (Viktor Dedaj) 1 Introduction 5 —From Utopian Ecosocialism to Scientific Socialism 8 —Protecting Nature: A Matter for Scientists, not Shamans 10 —Behind “Degrowth,” the Reactionary Malthus… 14 —Ecological USSR versus Productivist USA 17 —Not all that Moves is Red, not all that is Green is Sincere 19 Agroecology: A Little-Known Socialist Achievement 25 —A Workers’ Victory for the Environment is Better than a Dozen Kyoto Protocols 25 —The Cuban Example; Agroecology “In One Country” 27 —Why it Works in Cuba and not Elsewhere 36 —The First Historical Overcoming of the Town- Country Contradiction 38 —Hydrocarbons: An Energy “NEP” for Certain Anti- Imperialist States 41 —The Inconsequentiality of Green Trotskyism 43 —The “Eco-Anarchist” Mutation of Part of the Kurdish National Movement 47 The Soviet Union: The Story of a Green Revolution!

51 —Was the USSR really “Productivist“? 51 —Soviet Agriculture before Khrushchev’s “chemicalization” 60 —Soviet Soil: A National Asset to be Protected 82 —Energy Policy: The Premium on Renewables 96 Dialectical Materialism: Brake or Boost for Agrobiology? 107 —A Handful of Crypto-Lysenkoists Shake up Conventional Agriculture 107 —Idealistic Genetics versus Proto-Dialectical Materialism: A Draw? 114 —From the Soviet Prehistory of Epigenetics to the Seeds of Tomorrow 140 —Between Conservation and Evolution: A Dialectic of Life and Environment 151 —Dialectics of Nature Yesterday and Today 159 Conclusion 167 —Progressive Degrowthers and Productivist Communists?

167 Appendix 1: “Trees are the Masters of the Soil” 173 Appendix 2: Epigenetic Vernalization of Cereals in the USSR 177 Appendix 3: How is a Scientific Theory Born?

This is a short excerpt from the opening of “” by Unknown, quoted for review and introduction purposes. All rights belong to the copyright holders.

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