A Sensory History Of Ancient Warfare – Conor Whately (1)

Epitaph of Marcus Caelius, victim of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. (Copyright Agnete, Wikimedia Commons) 2. Achaemenid Persian Fort, Tall-e Takht, Pasargadae, Iran. The Persians had an extensive fortification network which includes sites like this, part of the Pasargadae World Heritage Site. (Diego Delso, Wikimedia Commons) 4. Hoplite from Dodona Antikensammlung Berlin Misc. 7470. (Copyright Wikimedia Commons) 3. The Battle of Cunaxa fought between the Persians and 10,000 Greek mercenaries of Cyrus the Young, 401 bc, Adrien Guiget, Louvre.

(Copyright Wikimedia Commons) 5. The Army of Artaxerxes II on the Tomb of Artaxerxes, Persepolis. The units (ethnic groups) depicted on the top of the frieze, from left to right, are Persian, Median, Elamite, Parthian, Arian, Bactrian, Sogdian, Choresmian, Zarangian, Arachosian, Sattagydian, Gandharan, Hindush, and haumavarga Saka. On the bottom, from left to right, are Makan, tigraxauda Saka, Babylonian, Assyrian, Arab, Egyptian, Armenian, Cappadocian, Lydian, Ionian, overseas Saka, Skudrian, Ionian with shield-hat, Libyan, Ethiopian, and Carian.

(Copyright Adobe Stock) 6. Battle of Chaironeia, nineteenth century. (Copyright Wikimedia Commons) 8. The location of Issus. (Copyright Google Earth Pro) 7. The Battlefield of Issus. (Copyright Wikimedia Commons) 9. Aerial view of Issus. (Copyright Google Earth Pro) 10. Alexander’s potential view. (Copyright Google Earth Pro) 11. The Alexander Mosaic, from the House of the Faun in Pompeii, Naples Archaeological Museum. (Copyright Carole Raddato, Wikimedia Commons) 12. Carthaginian Shekel.

The Carthaginians under Hannibal famously marched across the Alps with elephants. (Wikimedia Commons) 13. Map of area around Cannae. (Copyright Google Earth Pro) 14. The modern monument at Cannae. (Copyright Wikimedia Commons) 16. The walls of New Carthage (Cartagena), Spain. (Copyright Wikimedia Commons) 15. Pydna Relief, Monument of Aemilius Paulus.

This is our earliest image of a Roman soldier, in sculptural relief, from the middle of the second century bce. (Colin Whiting, Wikimedia Commons) 18. Aerial view of Masada. (Copyright Wikimedia Commons) 17. Quadriga, Arch of Titus, Rome.

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. Typeset by Mac Style Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY. Pen & Sword Books Limited incorporates the imprints of Atlas, Archaeology, Aviation, Discovery, Family History, Fiction, History, Maritime, Military, Military Classics, Politics, Select, Transport, True Crime, Air World, Frontline Publishing, Leo Cooper, Remember When, Seaforth Publishing, The Praetorian Press, Wharncliffe Local History, Wharncliffe Transport, Wharncliffe True Crime and White Owl.

For a complete list of Pen & Sword titles please contact PEN & SWORD BOOKS LIMITED 47 Church Street, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, S70 2AS, England E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.pen-and-sword.co.uk Or PEN AND SWORD BOOKS 1950 Lawrence Rd, Havertown, PA 19083, USA E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.penandswordbooks.com Contents Acknowledgements vii List of Illustrations xiii Introduction xv Part I: The Greek World 1 Chapter 1 The Battle of Cunaxa (401 bce) 3 Chapter 2 The Battle of Issus (333 bce) 23 Part II: The Roman World 41 Chapter 3 The Battle of Cannae (216 bce) 43 Chapter 4 The Sieges of Jerusalem (70 ce) and Masada (72–74 ce) 65 Part III: Late Antiquity 85 Chapter 5 The Battle of Strasbourg (357 ce) 87 Chapter 6 The Siege of Edessa (544 ce) 107 Conclusion 127 Notes and References 131 Bibliography and Further Reading 145 Index 153 Acknowledgements A s is often the case, this book has been a long time coming.

The initial proposal was sent off to Philip Sidnell at Pen & Sword in the winter of 2016, when I was off on my first research leave. In fact, I was fortunate enough to travel to Dubai that February with the family to visit my parents (who had lived in the Middle East for years) along with my sister and her family. While there, I vividly remember exchanging emails with Phil about the proposed book, and he suggested I shift from a focus more narrowly on the senses and war during the reign of Justinian to the ancient Mediterranean world more generally.

He did ask if I’d be up for it, and I said yes, confident I could finish it all within a couple of years.

This is a short excerpt from the opening of “” by Unknown, quoted for review and introduction purposes. All rights belong to the copyright holders.

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