An Advanced Lifespan Odyssey For Counseling Professionals – Bradley T Erford

Before they can learn to read, write, and compute, children must be able to function in the absence of their primary caretakers for extended periods of time. As their attention shifts from home to school and from fantasy to reality, children in middle childhood acquire skills and concepts necessary for daily living. Their attention spans increase, their motor abilities grow more complex, they gain better understanding of right and wrong, they begin to think logically, they become integrated into social networks, and their developing self-awareness permits them to compare them- selves to others and to refine their self-concepts.

Middle Childhood: Emotional and Social Development t Emotional Development Freud and Erikson According to Freudian (psychoanalytic) theory, middle childhood is a period of relative calm known as the latency stage of psychosexual development. In previous stages of development, Freud noted, psychological energy (libido) shifted through different parts of the body, thereby calling attention to different sources of pleasure and changing the nature of relationships with others.

By middle childhood, the three components of the psyche—the id, the ego, and the superego—are complete and the child has learned to cope with conflict and tension through a complex system of defense mechanisms. During latency, then, the focus of attention turns to mastery of nonsexual developmental tasks (Hunt & Kraus, 2009; Jacobs, 2004). Erikson, schooled in psychoanalytic theory, agreed with Freud’s basic concepts regarding stages of development. Similar to Freud, Erikson postulated that at each stage of development there is a conflict or crisis to be resolved. For Erikson, however, the nature of the developmental crises was more social than sexual.

Thus, according to Erikson, middle childhood is a period filled with much developmental activity as the child’s social focus expands to include the aspects of school, peers, and the community.

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Unless otherwise noted, all items © Cengage Learning For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706. For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions. Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to [email protected]. Library of Congress Control Number: 2015932615 Student Edition: ISBN: 978-1-285-08358-2 Loose-leaf Edition: ISBN: 978-1-305-85756-8 Cengage 200 Pier 4 Boulevard Boston, MA 02210 USA Cengage is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with employees residing in nearly 40 different countries and sales in more than 125 countries around the world.

Find your local representative at www.cengage.com. To learn more about Cengage platforms and services, register or access your online learning solution, or purchase materials for your course, visit www.cengage.com. This effort is dedicated to The One: the Giver of energy, passion, and understanding; Who makes life worth living and endeavors worth pursuing and accomplishing; the Teacher of love and forgiveness. k é v we Brief Contents CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 11 Important Fundamental Principles in Lifespan Development 1 By Katie Sandberg and Bradley T.

Erford Theories of Human Development: Psychosocial, Sociocultural, Multicultural, Biological, and Learning Theories 39 By Caroline O’Hara, Lindy K.

This is a short excerpt from the opening of “” by Unknown, quoted for review and introduction purposes. All rights belong to the copyright holders.

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