{"id":251135,"date":"2026-07-13T01:00:39","date_gmt":"2026-07-12T22:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/african-muslims-in-antebellum-america-allan-d-austin\/"},"modified":"2026-07-13T01:00:39","modified_gmt":"2026-07-12T22:00:39","slug":"african-muslims-in-antebellum-america-allan-d-austin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/african-muslims-in-antebellum-america-allan-d-austin\/","title":{"rendered":"African Muslims In Antebellum America &#8211; Allan D Austin"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure style=\"text-align:center;margin:0 auto 1.5em;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/09f9e4d97a1021aa.jpg\" alt=\" - Unknown book cover\" style=\"max-width:300px;width:100%;height:auto;box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:4px;\"\/><\/figure>\n<blockquote>\n<p>In the name of God, the merciful ! the compassionate ! God bless our Lord Mohammed his prophet, and his descendants, and his followers, and prosper them exceedingly. Praise be to God the Lord of all creatures ! the merciful, the compassionate king of the day of judgment ! Thee we adore, and of thee we implore assistance ! Guide us in the right way, the way of those with whom thou art well pleased, and not of those with whom thou art angry, nor of those who are in error.<\/p>\n<p>Amen! The Fatiha, the Opening Surah of the Quran, Islam\u2019s First Prayer, of Charno [Chierno] and Translation, Georgia, c. 1830. 1kitap1.com\/en African Muslims in Antebellum America Transatlantic Stories and Spiritual Struggles Allan D. Austin ROUTLEDGE New York and London 1kitap1.com\/en This edition published 2011 by Routledge Routledge Taylor &#038; Francis Group 711 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 Routledge Taylor &#038; Francis Group 2 Park Square, Milton Park Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Published in 1997 by Routledge 29 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001 Published in Great Britain in 1997 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE Copyright \u00a9 1997 by Routledge Design: Jack Donner All rights reserved.<\/p>\n<p>No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system without permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data African Muslims in antebellum America : Transatlantic stories and spiritual struggles Allan D. Austin. \u2014 [Rev. and updated ed.] p. cm. Originally published: Garland Pub., 1984, in series: Critical studies on black life and culture; v.<\/p>\n<p>5 ISBN 0\u2013415\u201391269\u20135 (hard: alk. paper) ISBN 0\u2013415\u201391270\u20139 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Slaves\u2014United States\u2014Biography. 2. Afro-Americans\u2014History\u2014To 1863\u2014Sources. 3. Muslims\u2014 United States\u2014History\u2014Sources. 4. Slavery\u2014United States\u2014History\u2014Sources. 5. Slaves\u2014America\u2014 Biography. 6. Slavery\u2014America\u2014History\u2014Sources. 7. Muslims\u2014America\u2014History\u2014Sources. E444A25 1996 973\u2019.0496\u2014dc 20 96\u201331876 CIP 1kitap1.com\/en Contents Acknowledgments Preface List of Maps and Illustrations 1. \u201cThere Are Good Men in America, but All Are Very Ignorant of Africa\u201d\u2014and Its Muslims 2. Glimpses of Seventy-Five African Muslims in Antebellum North America 3.<\/p>\n<p>Job Ben Solomon: African Nobleman and a Father of African American Literature 4. Abd ar-Rahman and His Two Amazing American Journeys 5. Bilali Mohammed and Salih Bilali: Almaamys on Georgia\u2019s Sapelo and St. Simon\u2019s Islands 6.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><em>This is a short excerpt from the opening of &ldquo;&rdquo; by Unknown, quoted for review and introduction purposes. All rights belong to the copyright holders.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/african-muslims-in-antebellum-america-allan-d-austin\/#Book_Information\" >Book Information<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/african-muslims-in-antebellum-america-allan-d-austin\/#Reading_Word_Statistics\" >Reading &amp; Word Statistics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/african-muslims-in-antebellum-america-allan-d-austin\/#Most_Frequent_Words\" >Most Frequent Words<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Book_Information\"><\/span>Book Information<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Unique ID:<\/strong> 09f9e4d97a1021aa<\/li>\n<li><strong>File Extension:<\/strong> .pdf<\/li>\n<li><strong>File Size:<\/strong> 10,849,365 bytes (10.347 MB)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Title:<\/strong> &#8211;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Author:<\/strong> Unknown<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pages:<\/strong> 231<\/li>\n<li><strong>Language:<\/strong> English (en)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reading_Word_Statistics\"><\/span>Reading &amp; Word Statistics<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Estimated Reading Time:<\/strong> 340.26 minutes<\/li>\n<li><strong>Total Words:<\/strong> 68,052<\/li>\n<li><strong>Total Characters:<\/strong> 410,622<\/li>\n<li><strong>Average Words per Page:<\/strong> 294.6<\/li>\n<li><strong>Average Characters per Page:<\/strong> 1777.58<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Most_Frequent_Words\"><\/span>Most Frequent Words<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>african (292), africa (263), said (203), job (201), muslim (197), one (190), slave (181), also (176), muslims (175), bilali (173), american (169), new (163), arabic (155), umar (144), people (141), slaves (131), baquaqua (119), america (118), man (115), ar-rahman (108), africans (108), two (104), wrote (95), fig (93), york (91), islam (88), salih (87), found (86), georgia (85), kebe (85), slavery (82), another (82), several (81), see (81), history (79), life (78), first (77), abd (77), time (77), years (76), later (76), black (74), north (73), english (72), told (72), others (71), good (69), west (68), chapter (68), god (67), couper (67), father (65), book (64), white (63), perhaps (63), however (62), called (62), known (61), university (61), christian (61), john (60), family (60), master (60), island (59), children (59), many (58), well (58), three (58), umar\u2019s (57), way (56), war (55), quran (54), carolina (54), made (54), trade (54), name (53), london (53), men (53), country (53), home (52), taken (52), mohammed (51), ben (51), religious (50), autobiography (50), fulbe (50), press (50), five (49), brought (49), old (49), society (48), south (48), seems (48), probably (48), william (47), letter (47), little (47), early (46), manuscript (46), earlier (46).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the name of God, the merciful ! the compassionate ! God bless our Lord Mohammed his prophet, and his descendants, and his followers, and prosper them exceedingly. Praise be to God the Lord of all creatures ! the merciful, the compassionate king of the day of judgment ! Thee we adore, and of thee [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251134,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-251135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/251135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=251135"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/251135\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/251134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=251135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=251135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=251135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}