{"id":251268,"date":"2026-07-13T01:08:37","date_gmt":"2026-07-12T22:08:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/5000-years-of-geometry-christoph-j-scriba\/"},"modified":"2026-07-13T01:08:37","modified_gmt":"2026-07-12T22:08:37","slug":"5000-years-of-geometry-christoph-j-scriba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/5000-years-of-geometry-christoph-j-scriba\/","title":{"rendered":"5000 Years Of Geometry – Christoph J Scriba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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5.2.6 Heart-shaped world map according to the principle of Stab(ius) and Joh. Werner [Published by Peter Apianus: Tabula orbis cogniti universalior, Ingol- stadt, 1530] 5.2 Geometry in astronomy, geodesy and cartography Stab also designed a map of the terrestrial hemisphere by means of vertical parallel projection onto a tangential plane. Besides, Albrecht D\u00a8urer helped with the design of this map printed in 1515 by order of Emperor Maximilian (Illus. 5.2.7). Further cartographic illustration \ufb01rst proposed or used in this time are, amongst others: \u2022 Azimuthal equidistant projection (Cusanus, Snellius), in which the merid- ians are represented by rays originating in N and, the circles of latitude by concentric circles in the map, whilst making sure that its radius equals the pole distance measured in arc measure (the name of the method means that all points are represented in their true distance from the North Pole = centre of map).<\/p>\n

\u2022 The draft \ufb01rst used by Gerard Mercator and later named after Sanson and Flamsteed, in which the circles of latitude are represented by parallel line segments true to distance and meridians stay true to area. The climax of Renaissance cartography is, without a doubt, symbolised by the work of the Flemish cartographer Gerard Mercator, who later worked in Duisburg. The excellent mathematician Pedro Nunes (Nonius), who lived in Portugal, \ufb01rst addressed the curves of constant course (later called rhumb lines or loxodromes) on the globe, which are so important for seafaring; in other words, curves that are de\ufb01ned by the fact that they intersect all meridi- ans in a constant angle.<\/p>\n

(In 1624, Snellius introduced the still customary name \u2018loxodrome\u2019 for these curves in his theory on navigation Tiphys Batavus and likewise the name \u2018orthodrome\u2019 for great circle arcs, i.e., shortest curve on the globe.) Nunes showed by means of approximate construction (only us- ing eight meridians and approximation until the next meridian by means of circular arcs, Illus.<\/p>\n

5.2.8) that these loxodromes, called \u201ccurvas dos rombos\u201d (rhumb curves) by him, approximate both poles in a spiral manner without ever being able to reach them. Some of these curves are displayed on a globe made by Mercator in 1541. In 1568, he \ufb01nalised the \ufb01rst world map, which shows these curves as straight lines \u2013 and the Mercator projection was born.<\/p>\n

However, this projection was only circulated in 1595 in the printed world atlas, after Mercator\u2019s death. Ever since then, the literature has speculated as to how he could have achieved his map [K\u00a8oberer 1982]. The reasons for this speculation are twofold. On one hand, the exact law, which says that the intervals of the images of the circles of latitude grow into the in\ufb01nite with increasing latitude from the image of the equator, can only be found by solving an in\ufb01nitesimal equation.<\/p>\n

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in History and Culture Christoph J. Scriba \u2022 Peter Schreiber 5000 Years of Geometry Mathematics in History and Culture Christoph J. Scriba Peter Schreiber University Hamburg University Greifswald Hamburg, Germany Greifswald, Germany Translated by Jana Schreiber ISBN 978-3-0348-0897-2 ISBN 978-3-0348-0898-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007\/978-3-0348-0898-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015935235 Springer Basel Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London \u00a9 Springer Basel 2015 This work is subject to copyright.<\/p>\n

All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.<\/p>\n

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication.<\/p>\n

Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Basel AG is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.birkhauser-science.com) Graphic on the cover: \u00a9 Helmut Schwigon Editor: Project Group \u201cHistory of Mathematics\u201d of Hildesheim University H.W. Alten, K.-H. Schlote, H. Wesem\u00fcller-Kock Originally published in German in the series \u201cVom Z\u00e4hlstein zum Computer\u201d under the title: \u201c5000 Jahre Geometrie.<\/p>\n

Geschichte-Kulturen-Menschen\u201d (ISBN 978-3-642-02361-3) Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Preface of the editor of the German edition Geometry (from the Greek word for \u2018measuring the Earth\u2019, the modern sci- enti\ufb01c discipline of which is now called geodesy), branch of science which deals with regular patterns, shapes and solids, was one of the \ufb01rst human attempts, after counting, to concern themselves with the emerging science mathematics.<\/p>\n

This is evident from the spirals on megalithic graves, incisions in stone and patterns on clay fragments. In this book, you will learn how geometry has developed over the millennia from these earliest origins in distant times and much more.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

This is a short excerpt from the opening of “” by Unknown, quoted for review and introduction purposes. All rights belong to the copyright holders.<\/em><\/p>\n

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