{"id":252038,"date":"2026-07-13T01:42:47","date_gmt":"2026-07-12T22:42:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/alexander-of-yugoslavia-stephen-graham-1\/"},"modified":"2026-07-13T01:42:47","modified_gmt":"2026-07-12T22:42:47","slug":"alexander-of-yugoslavia-stephen-graham-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/alexander-of-yugoslavia-stephen-graham-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Alexander Of Yugoslavia &#8211; Stephen Graham (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure style=\"text-align:center;margin:0 auto 1.5em;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7833e6c6064fb2e9.jpg\" alt=\" - Unknown book cover\" style=\"max-width:300px;width:100%;height:auto;box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:4px;\"\/><\/figure>\n<p>All that members had to do was to take an oath of obedience. There was nothing to pay, no membership dues. The ritual of taking the oath was pic- turesque, something to appeal to youth. The Croat flag was spread on a table. On it was placed a knife and a revolver and on these a cross. The candidate spread his open right hand on the cross and repeated a formula: \u201cI swear before God and all that I hold sacred that I will observe all the laws of this society and will execute without conditions all that I am ordered to do by the supreme chief.<\/p>\n<p>I will scrupulously preserve all secrets entrusted to me and will betray nothing, no matter what it may be. I swear to fight in the Ustasha Army for a free independent Croat state under the absolute control of the supreme chief. Failing in my oath, I shall accept death as the penalty. God help me, Amen!\u201d This also had to be signed. It sounded dangerous and therefore may have been attractive to very young men.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes such societies are formed in a moment of exaltation, but one never hears much more of them. Pospishil, who was later sent to kill the King, was one of the first to be sworn in. He says there were a thou- sand who joined on that seventh of January, 1929. He probably exaggerates. In any case, if there were a thou- sand it proved extremely difficult to collect them later on and persuade them to wear the Ustasha uniform.<\/p>\n<p>But names were wanted more than men. Pavelich, the su- preme chief, had a good enough list to present. If he seemed to have the men it would be easier to get the money. Having formed his secret society, he went to Vienna. In Vienna he met various Frankists and Italian agents. At that time Italy was lavish in her financial support of the Heimwehr and of those persons upon whom she could reckon for support against Germany.<\/p>\n<p>She was still a determined opponent of Anschluss. That did not con- cern Pavelich. He required support for his own political venture, the army he proposed to raise. He met Gustave Perchets and Yelich, who had for- mally expatriated themselves by taking out Hungarian passports in Budapest. That was the first service of Hun- gary.<\/p>\n<p>Hungary was prepared to give Hungarian national passports to any members of the Ustasha for whom they might be required. But Italy was not absolutely con- vinced that Pavelich meant business. He must first make alliance with the Macedonian Organization in Bulgaria, study its methods, and plan something on the same scale. Italian agents in Bulgaria had sounded members of the organization and found them ready to codperate.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Little Rock Public Library Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2023 with funding from Kahle\/Austin Foundation httos:\/\/archive.org\/details\/alexanderofyugosOO000grah ALEXANDER OF YUGOSLAVIA Wide World Photos, Inc. KING ALEXANDER OF YUGOSLAVIA ALEXANDER OF YUGOSLAVIA The Story of the King Who Was Murdered at Marseilles Bx STEPHEN GRAHAM ARCHON BOOKS IZ Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Graham, Stephen, 1884\u2014 Alexander of Yugoslavia.<\/p>\n<p>Bibliography: p. 317-318. 1. Alexander I, King of Yugoslavia, 1888-1934. I. Title. DR368.G7 1972 949.7702\u20190924 [B] 73-122414 ISBN 0-208-01082-3 Copyright 1939 by Yale University Press Reprinted 1972 with permission in an unaltered and unabridged edition as an Archon Book by The Shoe String Press, Inc. Hamden, Connecticut 06514 Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS List or ILLusTRATIONS Vii I.<\/p>\n<p>Viapa THE CHAUFFEUR 1 II. Tue Kino Gots to Mars\u00a3ILues 28 III. O Gop! O Marsertues! 55 Ve Mio caer 69 V. Man anv KincG 79 VI. Herr or Lanps anp TROUBLE 104 VII. Democracy Fairs 116 VIII. Ante PaveEricu 139 IX. Lowery Dictator ise) X. INTERNATIONAL SABOTAGE 179 XI. Lirtre ENTEnTE anp Batkan PacT 1095 XII. Arrempr at ZaGReB 211 XIII. Loan or an Assassin 229 XIV.<\/p>\n<p>Louis BartHou 239 XV. How tHe News CAME TO BELGRADE 252 XVI. FERMENT 266 XV ie Dae RAL 289 XVIUI. To Oprenats 308 BIBLIOGRAPHY a7 INDEX 319 UTTLE ROCK PIR: I soos UTE ROCK, Karna ty tt a. 2 : 7 < j PCa Bath \u2018 4 = 4 iv Shae oA 3 a fo Ce 7 Oo ILLUSTRATIONS Kinc ALEXANDER OF YUGOSLAVIA Frontispiece VLADA THE CHAUFFEUR BEING STRUCK DOWN BY COLOo- NEL PIOLET JUST AFTER FIRING THE FATAL SHOTS 60 THE MURDERED KING BEING LIFTED FROM THE CAR 66 THE DEAD KING BEING BORNE TO THE HOUSE OF THE PREFECT OF POLICE 66 Kinc ALEXANDER IN CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH 84 QUEEN MariE OF YUGOSLAVIA WITH HER SONS, CROWN Prince Peter, Prince ANDREI, AND PRINCE To- MISLAV 154 Prince Paut, REGENT OF YUGOSLAVIA, AND HIS SON, PRINCE ALEXANDER 226 Kino ALEXANDER AND Louis BarTHOoU 242 FUNERAL CEREMONIES IN MARSEILLES 264 THE FUNERAL PROCESSION THROUGH BELGRADE 264 ALEXANDER OF YUGOSLAVIA CHAPTER I VLADA THE CHAUFFEUR uncouth ruffian who was frequently seen in the company of the elegant lawyer Pavelich, at Tri- este, at Turin, at Brescia, at a villa on Lake Garda, at Borgotaro, at \u201cBulgarian Village\u201d where there was an army of terrorists, mostly Croats but told to call them- selves Bulgarians.<\/p>\n<p>Vlada the Chauffeur was, in fact, a Bulgarian *: he did not have to lie. The most redoubt- able political murderer in Bulgaria, he had been lent for service abroad. Alleged to have committed some thirty murders, he was in some danger from the relatives of the deceased because blood calls for revenge.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><em>This is a short excerpt from the opening of &ldquo;&rdquo; by Unknown, quoted for review and introduction purposes. All rights belong to the copyright holders.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/alexander-of-yugoslavia-stephen-graham-1\/#Book_Information\" >Book Information<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/alexander-of-yugoslavia-stephen-graham-1\/#Reading_Word_Statistics\" >Reading &amp; Word Statistics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/alexander-of-yugoslavia-stephen-graham-1\/#Most_Frequent_Words\" >Most Frequent Words<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/alexander-of-yugoslavia-stephen-graham-1\/#PDF_Download\" >PDF Download<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Book_Information\"><\/span>Book Information<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Unique ID:<\/strong> 7833e6c6064fb2e9<\/li>\n<li><strong>File Extension:<\/strong> .pdf<\/li>\n<li><strong>File Size:<\/strong> 15,494,334 bytes (14.777 MB)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Title:<\/strong> &#8211;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Author:<\/strong> Unknown<\/li>\n<li><strong>ISBN:<\/strong> 0208010823<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pages:<\/strong> 361<\/li>\n<li><strong>Language:<\/strong> English (en)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reading_Word_Statistics\"><\/span>Reading &amp; Word Statistics<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Estimated Reading Time:<\/strong> 492.6 minutes<\/li>\n<li><strong>Total Words:<\/strong> 98,519<\/li>\n<li><strong>Total Characters:<\/strong> 578,219<\/li>\n<li><strong>Average Words per Page:<\/strong> 272.91<\/li>\n<li><strong>Average Characters per Page:<\/strong> 1601.71<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Most_Frequent_Words\"><\/span>Most Frequent Words<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>king (566), alexander (541), yugoslavia (375), one (265), italy (223), man (182), war (172), made (169), pavelich (166), marseilles (162), france (159), said (157), men (156), serbs (155), vlada (143), belgrade (131), time (130), great (127), french (126), army (123), police (122), first (122), went (122), little (119), never (119), croats (115), chauffeur (114), people (114), much (114), hungary (114), make (112), new (112), prince (110), kral (109), peter (108), even (106), paris (102), against (99), radich (99), general (98), death (97), serbia (97), became (95), state (91), himself (90), two (90), took (88), upon (87), also (86), came (85), king\u2019s (85), serbian (85), old (84), come (82), queen (81), life (81), murder (80), kvaternik (80), italian (80), like (80), yevtich (79), balkan (78), car (77), croat (76), still (75), peace (75), yugoslav (74), take (72), zagreb (71), place (71), paul (71), part (70), barthou (69), ing (69), pospishil (69), day (69), seemed (69), minister (69), long (68), got (68), sent (68), many (67), political (67), way (67), back (67), trial (67), bulgaria (66), power (66), taken (65), get (64), russia (64), perchets (64), country (64), become (64), case (63), left (63), serb (63), government (63), visit (61), croatia (58).<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PDF_Download\"><\/span>PDF Download<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/alexander-of-yugoslavia-stephen-graham-1.pdf\" download rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"display:inline-block;background:#2271b1;color:#ffffff;padding:14px 36px;border-radius:6px;text-decoration:none;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.05em;\">&#11015;&#65039; PDF Download<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>All that members had to do was to take an oath of obedience. There was nothing to pay, no membership dues. The ritual of taking the oath was pic- turesque, something to appeal to youth. The Croat flag was spread on a table. On it was placed a knife and a revolver and on these [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":252036,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-252038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/252038","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=252038"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/252038\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/252036"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=252038"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=252038"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=252038"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}