{"id":252299,"date":"2026-07-13T01:56:46","date_gmt":"2026-07-12T22:56:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/atlas-of-special-tests-for-the-lower-limb-jane-johnson\/"},"modified":"2026-07-13T01:56:46","modified_gmt":"2026-07-12T22:56:46","slug":"atlas-of-special-tests-for-the-lower-limb-jane-johnson","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/atlas-of-special-tests-for-the-lower-limb-jane-johnson\/","title":{"rendered":"Atlas Of Special Tests For The Lower Limb – Jane Johnson"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Figure 4.4: Passively flexing the asymptomatic knee first and observing that the indentation on the lateral side of the patella remains. Purpose: This is to assess for knee swelling. Type of Test: This is a passive joint movement test. Procedure: For this test, it is helpful to identify the location of the patellar tendon on the left (figure 4.3a) and right (figure 4.3b) knees. Begin the indentation test with your client in the supine position.<\/p>\n

Passively flex the asymptomatic knee (figure 4.4) and observe the indentation on the lateral side of the patellar tendon. Continue to passively flex the knee until it is fully flexed. Note that even when the knee is fully flexed, the indentation remains. Now attempt passive flexion of the symptomatic knee, paying close attention to the area of indentation.<\/p>\n

Note whether the indentation remains or disappears on flexion. Findings: The test is positive if the indentation disappears and knee flexion is stopped at that point. Tip: Magee (2002) suggests that the greater the degree of swelling, the sooner the indentation disappears as the knee is flexed. Therefore, the degree of knee flexion at which swelling disappears could potentially be used as a measure for swelling during treatment interventions.<\/p>\n

Fluctuation Test Figure 4.5: Hand position for the Fluctuation Test. Purpose: This is to assess for significant knee effusion. Type of Test: This is a passive palpation test. Procedure: With your client supine and the knee extended, place one of your hands over the suprapatellar pouch and use your other hand to gently cup the inferior portion of the patella between your thumb and forefinger (figure 4.5).<\/p>\n

With your hands remaining in these positions, press down into the tissues, alternating between left and right hands. Findings: Where effusion is present, this can be felt as a fluctuation in fluid moving from one hand to the other. Tip: In some cases where fluid is present, gentle compression of the suprapatellar pouch pushes the fluid distally, causing the forefinger and thumb of your other hand to move apart. Patellar Tap Test (Ballotable Patella\/Dancing Patella Sign) Figure 4.6: Collecting any knee joint effusion for the Patellar Tap Test.<\/p>\n

Figure 4.7: Tapping the patella. Purpose: This is to determine if there is effusion of the knee joint. Type of Test: This is a passive compression test. Procedure: You are going to attempt to first \u201ccollect\u201d any effusion to the region of the patella. With your client supine and the knee extended, sweep one hand distally, gently compressing the suprapatellar pouch, and sweep your other hand gently in a superior direction (figure 4.6).<\/p>\n

Using the forefinger of whichever hand is superior, gently tap the patella (figure 4.7). Findings: If there is effusion, the patella will appear to \u201cdance\u201d or \u201cwobble.\u201d 1kitap1.com\/en Plica Tests Folds in the synovial membrane of the knee joint are called plicae (figure 5.1). There are several different theories as to why these may develop in the knee.<\/p>\n

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