{"id":256462,"date":"2026-07-13T14:48:33","date_gmt":"2026-07-13T11:48:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/collective-courage-jessica-gordon-nembhard\/"},"modified":"2026-07-13T14:48:33","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T11:48:33","slug":"collective-courage-jessica-gordon-nembhard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/collective-courage-jessica-gordon-nembhard\/","title":{"rendered":"Collective Courage – Jessica Gordon Nembhard"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Its letterhead describes the guild as \u201ca voluntary, self-help, cooperative, non-pro\ufb01 t, membership fraternity.\u201d Archival letters show that Baker was the captain of Pure Food Co-operative Grocery Stores, Inc. on Lenox Ave. She also became the chair of education and publicity for Har- lem\u2019s Own Cooperative (Cohen 2003, 50; Library of Congress 2012). Harlem\u2019s Own Cooperative Harlem\u2019s Own started out as a buying club a\ufb03 liated with the YNCL.<\/p>\n

It was established under the auspices of the Dunbar Housewives\u2019 League in 1935, mostly as a distributor of milk (Grant 1998, 35). Th e \u201cConsumers\u2019 Coopera- tion Among Negroes\u201d document describes Harlem\u2019s Own Cooperative as a milk route that was six years old in 1941. In box 2, folder 3 of the Ella Baker Papers at the Schomburg Center, there is a note card with information about a \u201cvery important meeting\u201d in the clubroom of the Paul Laurence Dunbar Apartments, organized by the Dunbar Housewives\u2019 League and the Citizens\u2019 League for Fair Play.<\/p>\n

Interested parties were urged to attend to \u201cdecide on the incorporating of a pro\ufb01 t-sharing Consumers\u2019 Co-operative for the distribu- tion of milk.\u201d Th e cooperative started with a capital investment of $300 and grew into a $15,000 business, heavily supported by the Dunbar Housewives\u2019 League. Baker describes Harlem\u2019s Own as being \u201clargely responsible for keeping the consumer movement alive in Harlem.\u201d Th e same folder in Ella Baker\u2019s papers also includes the \ufb01 rst page of a letter to the board of directors of Harlem\u2019s Own Cooperative about the co-op\u2019s de\ufb01 cits.<\/p>\n

Baker reiterated the importance of good business practices and suggested that the method of milk delivery and bill collection be made much more e\ufb03 cient. Baker was chair of the co- op\u2019s education and publicity committee for a time, and remained connected with Harlem\u2019s Own until 1941, when her job with the NAACP required her to travel a great deal (Grant 1998).<\/p>\n

She notes that Harlem\u2019s Own merged with Harlem Consumers\u2019 Cooperative Council in 1941 (Baker 1941). a note on the paul laurence dunbar apartments Th e Paul Laurence Dunbar Apartments in Harlem, a cooperative in its early years (from 1928 to 1936), was \u201cManhattan\u2019s earliest large garden apartment complex\u201d and \u201cthe \ufb01 rst large [housing] cooperative built for blacks\u201d (Land- marks Preservation Commission 1970, 1). Th is apartment complex is also well 134 deliberative cooperative economic development known because it has housed many famous African Americans, including W.<\/p>\n

E. B. Du Bois, A. Philip Randolph, Bill \u201cBojangles\u201d Robinson (tap dancer and actor), Countee Cullen (poet), Matthew Henson (explorer), and Paul Robeson (activist and singer\/actor) (Dodson, Moore, and Yancy 2000, 1928). Floyd-Th omas describes the Dunbar Apartments as a response to the \u201cblack bourgeoisie\u2019s cry for public housing\u201d\u2014a cooperative for middle-class Black Harlemites (2008, 120). Extending from 149th to 150th Streets between Seventh and Eighth Avenues, the Dunbar Apartment complex was designated a land- mark site in 1970.<\/p>\n

Financed by John D.<\/p>\n

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About the pagination of this eBook Due to the unique page numbering scheme of this book, the electronic pagination of the eBook does not match the pagination of the printed version. To navigate the text, please use the electronic Table of Contents that appears alongside the eBook or the Search function. For citation purposes, use the page numbers that appear in the text. COLLECTIVE COURAGE the pennsylvania state university press university park, pennsylvania COLLECTIVE COURAGE A HISTORY OF AFRICAN AMERICAN COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND PRACTICE jessica gordon nembhard Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gordon Nembhard, Jessica, 1956\u2013 , author.<\/p>\n

Collective courage : a history of African American cooperative economic thought and practice \/ Jessica Gordon Nembhard. p. cm Summary: \u201cChronicles the achievements and challenges of African American collective economic action and social entrepreneurship in the struggle for civil rights and economic equality\u201d\u2014Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-271-06216-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. African Americans\u2014Economic conditions. 2. Cooperative societies\u2014United States\u2014History. 3. Cooperation\u2014United States\u2014History. I. Title. E185.8.G674 2014 330.90089’96073\u2014dc23 2013042173 Copyright \u00a9 2014 Th e Pennsylvania State University All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Published by Th e Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA 16802-1003 Th e Pennsylvania State University Press is a member of the Association of American University Presses.<\/p>\n

It is the policy of Th e Pennsylvania State University Press to use acid-free paper. Publications on uncoated stock satisfy the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences\u2014Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Material, ANSI Z39.48\u20131992. Th is book is printed on paper that contains 30% post-consumer waste. To Curtis Haynes Jr. for vision, pioneering work, collegiality, and friendship. He asked some of the original questions and planted the seed.<\/p>\n

And to my children, Stephen Milete A. Nembhard and Susan Rosa A. Gordon Nembhard, for being genuinely interested, embracing the vision, and yet again allowing me to be so distracted. Susan Rosa, also, for designing several versions of a cover for this book.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

This is a short excerpt from the opening of “” by Unknown, quoted for review and introduction purposes. All rights belong to the copyright holders.<\/em><\/p>\n

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