{"id":259332,"date":"2026-07-13T16:55:44","date_gmt":"2026-07-13T13:55:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/el-paso-jazmine-ulloa\/"},"modified":"2026-07-13T16:55:44","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T13:55:44","slug":"el-paso-jazmine-ulloa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/el-paso-jazmine-ulloa\/","title":{"rendered":"El Paso – Jazmine Ulloa"},"content":{"rendered":"
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And some activists had learned hard lessons from the past. Through the 1950s, fierce wage competition and divisions between Mexican migrants and Mexican American laborers had initially led a few Mexican American civil rights groups to back President Dwight D. Eisenhower\u2019s Operation Wetback, only to reverse their stance after the deportations began devastating not just Mexican families but Mexican American families, too. On November 6, 1986, Reagan finally signed the Immigration Reform and Control Act.<\/p>\n

It introduced new civil and criminal penalties for employers who hired undocumented workers, increased funding for border security, and created pathways to citizenship for farmworkers and undocumented migrants who had entered the United States before 1982. It would legalize the immigration status of roughly 3 million people, many Mexican American, including Sabino and Estela Rubio. It would be celebrated and derided. \u2014 That same year, Ra\u00fal Reyes had captured a video that would become one of the final traces of his grandparents, Victoria and Miguel Martinez.<\/p>\n

The Martinez family had grown so large, it had splintered. With time, as tends to happen with many families, brothers and sisters, aunts and uncles, had gone their separate ways. Victoria\u2019s second oldest son, Camilo, had died from cancer in 1980, likely caught, Ra\u00fal believes, from all those years he worked at the ASARCO smelting plant. Those still alive did not seem to come over to the Martinezes\u2019 little house on Tampa as often.<\/p>\n

Sunday and holiday gatherings had become quiet affairs. But Ra\u00fal and his wife, Margarita, continued to visit with their son, Clifford, after mass and menudo at their favorite breakfast spot. Victoria and Miguel had taken in Ra\u00fal and his mother, Manuela, without any questions or reproach when Manuela had done what many Mexican American women could not even fathom in the Mexican Catholic households of El Paso in the 1950s: left her husband. And it had been Victoria who kept him from slipping through the system in schools where, as the Rubio sisters also recall it, mostly white American teachers did not expect much from Mexican American students, especially brown-skinned young men.<\/p>\n

On Mother\u2019s Day 1986, with Ra\u00fal recording on a clunky video camera, bright sunlight streaming in through the windows, his wife, Margarita, in a white sundress, stood over the salt-and-pepper-haired Miguel. He was rocking on a worn plush recliner, as Victoria wrapped her arms around their son, Clifford, then three, on a nearby couch. \u201cHow did you two meet?\u201d Margarita asked.<\/p>\n

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Copyright \u00a9 2026 by Jazmine Ulloa Penguin Random House values and supports copyright. Copyright fuels creativity, encourages diverse voices, promotes free speech, and creates a vibrant culture. Thank you for buying an authorized edition of this book and for complying with copyright laws by not reproducing, scanning, or distributing any part of it in any form without permission. You are supporting writers and allowing Penguin Random House to continue to publish books for every reader.<\/p>\n

Please note that no part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner for the purpose of training artificial intelligence technologies or systems. DUTTON and the D colophon are registered trademarks of Penguin Random House LLC. Map by David Lindroth Inc. Image on this page, this page, this page, and this page by The Boston Globe via Getty Images. Image on this page and this page by Paul Reyes. Cover design by Jason Booher Cover image by halbergman\/Getty Book design by Katy Riegel, adapted for ebook by Molly Jeszke library of congress cataloging-in-publication data Names: Ulloa, Jazmine, author.<\/p>\n

Title: El Paso: one hundred years of blood, race, and memory \/ Jazmine Ulloa. Description: New York: Dutton, an imprint of Penguin Random House LLC, [2026] | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2025035854 (print) | LCCN 2025035855 (ebook) | ISBN 9780593471869 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780593471883 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Mexican Americans. | Hispanic Americans. | El Paso (Tex.)\u2014History. | Mexican- American Border Region\u2014History. Classification: LCC F394.E4 U55 2026 (print) | LCC F394.E4 (ebook) | DDC 976.496\u2014 dc23\/eng\/20250814 LC record available at https:\/\/lccn.loc.gov\/2025035854 LC ebook record available at https:\/\/lccn.loc.gov\/2025035855 Ebook ISBN 9780593471883 The authorized representative in the EU for product safety and compliance is Penguin Random House Ireland, Morrison Chambers, 32 Nassau Street, Dublin D02 YH68, Ireland, https:\/\/eu- contact.penguin.ie.<\/p>\n

prhid_prh_7.4_155283865_c0_r0 OceanofPDF.com CONTENTS Dedication Prologue From the Halls of Montezuma PART ONE Rebellion and Resistance 1. Amazing Grace 2. The Most Dangerous Girl in Mexico 3. Revolt in the Borderland 4. Pancho Villa\u2019s Teen Soldier 5. The Year of the Hunger 6. Of Lice and Villistas 7. All Mexicans Must Go 8. The Search for Victoria PART TWO The Business of Drugs and War 9. Homegrown Terror 10. The Silence in Chuco Town 11.<\/p>\n

American Dreamer 12. The Deportation Machine 13. Young Fronterizos 14. Hold the Line 15. Mexicans in Exile 16. Children of the Uprising PART THREE Borders and Bridges 17. Pink and White Crosses 18. Feliz Viaje 19. El Paso, U.S.A. 20. Oasis in the Desert 21. The Forgetting 22. The New Ellis Island Epilogue A New Day Acknowledgments Works Cited Index About the Author OceanofPDF.com For Zack OceanofPDF.com Y PROLOGUE From the Halls of Montezuma ou must know about the boys.<\/p>\n

There were six, clean-cut and baby- faced. At least, that is how I always envisioned them when my mother told their story. Juan de la Barrera, Juan Escutia, and Francisco M\u00e1rquez. Agust\u00edn Melgar, Fernando Montes de Oca, and Vicente Su\u00e1rez.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

This is a short excerpt from the opening of “” by Unknown, quoted for review and introduction purposes. All rights belong to the copyright holders.<\/em><\/p>\n

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