{"id":259438,"date":"2026-07-13T16:59:49","date_gmt":"2026-07-13T13:59:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/enlightenment-links-collin-jennings\/"},"modified":"2026-07-13T16:59:49","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T13:59:49","slug":"enlightenment-links-collin-jennings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/enlightenment-links-collin-jennings\/","title":{"rendered":"Enlightenment Links &#8211; Collin Jennings"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure style=\"text-align:center;margin:0 auto 1.5em;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ffc88d837e894366.jpg\" alt=\" - Unknown book cover\" style=\"max-width:300px;width:100%;height:auto;box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:4px;\"\/><\/figure>\n<p>Rather than attempting to assign a specific, exclusive refence for these terms, Smith\u2019s index was designed to produce links across the text that indicate how a reader might trace abstract principles through a wide range of applications. Like the concept of gravity in physics, concepts such as the division of labor, capital, and stock can only be observed in their effects. The index organized terms that abstracted social experience, just as language historically developed categories for understanding different aspects of the world.<\/p>\n<p>Smith\u2019s interest in the abstracting power of language is not surprising given that his contributions to moral philosophy focused on abstracting principles of human nature observable in social interactions, jurisprudence, and political economy, among other fields. Smith and his Scottish cohort sought to elevate moral philosophy, defined by Smith\u2019s friend David Hume as the \u201cscience of man,\u201d to the position of natural philosophy, the science of the physical world.6 By and large, Scottish writers recognized history as the fundamental evidence of moral philosophy.<\/p>\n<p>Hume and another of Smith\u2019s students, John Millar, compared the function of history in moral philosophy to that of experiments in natural philosophy.7 Smith, Millar, Robertson, and others attempted to observe universal principles of human nature at work in historical events. Just as Smith observed how parts of speech transform continuous, concrete experience into abstract components that can be applied to any event, Scottish writers transformed history writing by organizing the past into stages of historical advancement that derived from abstract, philosophical principles.<\/p>\n<p>Although philosophical histories, such as Robertson\u2019s History of America (1777) and Millar\u2019s Origin of the Distinction of Ranks (1779), are most famous for introducing the four-stage theory of advancement referred to as stadial history, I am not interested in focusing on that theory here.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u00a9 2024 by Collin Jennings. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of Stanford University Press. Printed in the United States of America on acid-free, archival-quality paper ISBN 978-1-5036-3797-9 (cloth) ISBN 978-1-5036-3906-5 (electronic) Library of Congress Control Number: 2024003516 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data available upon request.<\/p>\n<p>Cover design and art: Aufuldish &#038; Warinner OceanofPDF.com Dedicated to the memory of Melvin Jennings. OceanofPDF.com CONTENTS Acknowledgments INTRODUCTION: What\u2019s in a Link? 1. Cross-References: Shapes of Knowledge in Chambers\u2019s Cyclopaedia 2. Footnotes: The Poetics of Progress 3. Indexes: Techniques of Abstraction in the Scottish Philosophical History 4. Epigraphs: Paratextual Spaces in Novels of the 1790s CONCLUSION: The Future of Links Appendix: Data and Methods Notes Bibliography Index OceanofPDF.com ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I BEGIN BY THANKING MY invaluable teachers and mentors, starting with Paula McDowell at New York University, who showed me the selfless commitment entailed in teaching and advising students.<\/p>\n<p>Mary Poovey read my work as rigorously as anyone, and any improvement I have made as a writer in the last fifteen years is a credit to her. John Guillory posed incisive questions and comments that have stayed with me across multiple projects. Lisa Gitelman introduced me to media studies and supported my first forays into the digital humanities. My interest in the contact points between contemporary and Enlightenment media forms developed from seminars with Thomas Augst, Richard Halpern, Laurence Lockridge, Lytle Shaw, G.<\/p>\n<p>Gabrielle Starr, and Susanne Wofford. Wendy Anne Lee and Bill Blake offered tremendous support in my final couple of years at NYU. Even before graduate school, I learned from wonderful professors at the University of Texas at Austin who helped me develop a love of eighteenth- century literature. The courses I took and support I received from Susan S. Heinzelman, Samuel Baker, Lisa L. Moore, and Lance Bertelsen stay with me. After NYU, I had the good fortune to work as a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Experimental Humanities program at Bard College.<\/p>\n<p>This time gave me the opportunity to teach interdisciplinary courses and develop wide ranging collaborations. I thank Sven Anderson, Maria Sachiko Cecire, Miriam Felton-Dansky, Adhaar Noor Desai, Heidi Knoblach, Keith O\u2019Hara, and Gretta Tritch Roman for their collegiality and friendship. At NYU and after, my work benefited from seminars at the Folger Shakespeare Library. I thank Paul Halliday, Jonathan Hope, Elyse Martin, Owen Williams, and Michael Witmore for coordinating and leading these seminars.<\/p>\n<p>The \u201cEarly Modern Digital Agendas\u201d institute at the Folger was an amazing academic summer camp in 2015. I thank Anupam Basu, Michael Gavin, Lauren Kersey, Brad Pasanek, and Mary Erica Zimmer for the collaboration and conversations.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><em>This is a short excerpt from the opening of &ldquo;&rdquo; by Unknown, quoted for review and introduction purposes. All rights belong to the copyright holders.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/enlightenment-links-collin-jennings\/#Book_Information\" >Book Information<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/enlightenment-links-collin-jennings\/#Reading_Word_Statistics\" >Reading &amp; Word Statistics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/enlightenment-links-collin-jennings\/#Most_Frequent_Words\" >Most Frequent Words<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/enlightenment-links-collin-jennings\/#PDF_Download\" >PDF Download<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Book_Information\"><\/span>Book Information<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Unique ID:<\/strong> ffc88d837e894366<\/li>\n<li><strong>File Extension:<\/strong> .pdf<\/li>\n<li><strong>File Size:<\/strong> 14,627,907 bytes (13.95 MB)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Title:<\/strong> &#8211;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Author:<\/strong> Unknown<\/li>\n<li><strong>ISBN:<\/strong> 9781503637979, 9781503639065<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pages:<\/strong> 249<\/li>\n<li><strong>Language:<\/strong> English (en)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reading_Word_Statistics\"><\/span>Reading &amp; Word Statistics<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Estimated Reading Time:<\/strong> 427.28 minutes<\/li>\n<li><strong>Total Words:<\/strong> 85,456<\/li>\n<li><strong>Total Characters:<\/strong> 556,679<\/li>\n<li><strong>Average Words per Page:<\/strong> 343.2<\/li>\n<li><strong>Average Characters per Page:<\/strong> 2235.66<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Most_Frequent_Words\"><\/span>Most Frequent Words<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>progress (415), history (393), between (368), language (294), historical (236), press (222), university (221), poetry (215), terms (208), novels (186), new (181), philosophical (176), words (171), chapter (166), different (158), text (154), john (145), also (138), knowledge (134), one (132), index (127), eighteenth-century (126), see (126), works (124), texts (123), poem (121), links (116), century (116), smith (116), scottish (115), upon (114), like (112), chambers (110), oxford (109), form (108), william (106), enlightenment (105), linguistic (103), theory (103), work (102), novel (100), view (99), writers (97), word (97), social (97), first (95), world (95), patterns (95), across (93), london (93), mind (92), dunciad (89), model (88), principles (86), physical (86), book (85), histories (85), poems (83), philosophy (82), eighteenth (82), cyclopaedia (81), past (81), cambridge (80), art (79), features (79), system (78), human (78), nature (78), material (78), entries (78), epigraphs (76), figure (76), learning (76), arts (76), reference (75), two (74), early (73), media (72), diagram (72), english (71), way (71), literary (68), objects (68), british (68), chicago (68), britain (67), relationship (67), chambers\u2019s (66), space (66), genre (66), adam (66), books (65), characters (65), rather (65), contemporary (64), modern (64), ideas (64), term (64), vol (64), radcliffe (64).<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PDF_Download\"><\/span>PDF Download<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/enlightenment-links-collin-jennings.pdf\" download rel=\"nofollow\" style=\"display:inline-block;background:#2271b1;color:#ffffff;padding:14px 36px;border-radius:6px;text-decoration:none;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.05em;\">&#11015;&#65039; PDF Download<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rather than attempting to assign a specific, exclusive refence for these terms, Smith\u2019s index was designed to produce links across the text that indicate how a reader might trace abstract principles through a wide range of applications. Like the concept of gravity in physics, concepts such as the division of labor, capital, and stock can [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":259436,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-259438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259438","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=259438"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259438\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/259436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=259438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=259438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=259438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}