{"id":261360,"date":"2026-07-13T18:17:45","date_gmt":"2026-07-13T15:17:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/encyclopedia-of-endocrine-diseases-3rd-ed-ilpo-huhtaniemi\/"},"modified":"2026-07-13T18:17:45","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T15:17:45","slug":"encyclopedia-of-endocrine-diseases-3rd-ed-ilpo-huhtaniemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/encyclopedia-of-endocrine-diseases-3rd-ed-ilpo-huhtaniemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Encyclopedia Of Endocrine Diseases 3rd Ed &#8211; Ilpo Huhtaniemi"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure style=\"text-align:center;margin:0 auto 1.5em;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/d9e31e96f23691f7.jpg\" alt=\" - Unknown book cover\" style=\"max-width:300px;width:100%;height:auto;box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.25);border-radius:4px;\"\/><\/figure>\n<blockquote>\n<p>About the pagination of this eBook This eBook contains a multi-volume set. To navigate this eBook by page number, you will need to use the volume number and the page number, separated by a hyphen. For example, to go to page 5 of volume 1, type \u201c1-5\u201d in the Go box at the bottom of the screen and click &#8220;Go.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>To go to page 5 of volume 2, type \u201c2-5\u201d\u2026 and so forth. ENDOCRINE DISEASES THIRD EDITION ENCYCLOPEDIA OF This page intentionally left blank THIRD EDITION Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENDOCRINE DISEASES EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Ilpo Huhtaniemi Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom VOLUME 1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES, DIABETES, METABOLISM, OBESITY, GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONES , AGING AND ENDOCRINE TOXICOLOGY SECTION EDITORS Ilpo Huhtaniemi Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom Nikolaos Tentolouris National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece Eleni Rebelos National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece Markku Savolainen University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Wouter W.<\/p>\n<p>de Herder Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Aart Jan (AJ) van der Lely Erasmus University MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Jorma Toppari Kiinamyllynkatu, Turku, Finland AMSTERDAM \u2022 BOSTON \u2022 HEIDELBERG \u2022 LONDON \u2022 NEW YORK \u2022 OXFORD PARIS \u2022 SAN DIEGO \u2022 SAN FRANCISCO \u2022 SINGAPORE \u2022 SYDNEY \u2022 TOKY O Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands 125 London Wall, London, EC2Y 5AS, United Kingdom 50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge MA 02139, United States Copyright \u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc.<\/p>\n<p>All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For accessibility purposes, images in electronic versions of this book are accompanied by alt text descriptions provided by Elsevier. For more information, see https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/about\/accessibility. Books and Journals published by Elsevier comply with applicable product safety requirements. For any product safety concerns or queries, please contact our authorized representative, Elsevier B.V., at productsafety@elsevier.com. Publisher\u2019s note: Elsevier takes a neutral position with respect to territorial disputes or jurisdictional claims in its published content, including in maps and institutional affiliations.<\/p>\n<p>No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher\u2019s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com\/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).<\/p>\n<p>Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><em>This is a short excerpt from the opening of &ldquo;&rdquo; by Unknown, quoted for review and introduction purposes. All rights belong to the copyright holders.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/encyclopedia-of-endocrine-diseases-3rd-ed-ilpo-huhtaniemi\/#Book_Information\" >Book Information<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/encyclopedia-of-endocrine-diseases-3rd-ed-ilpo-huhtaniemi\/#Reading_Word_Statistics\" >Reading &amp; Word Statistics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/encyclopedia-of-endocrine-diseases-3rd-ed-ilpo-huhtaniemi\/#Most_Frequent_Words\" >Most Frequent Words<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Book_Information\"><\/span>Book Information<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Unique ID:<\/strong> d9e31e96f23691f7<\/li>\n<li><strong>File Extension:<\/strong> .pdf<\/li>\n<li><strong>File Size:<\/strong> 127,475,287 bytes (121.57 MB)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Title:<\/strong> &#8211;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Author:<\/strong> Unknown<\/li>\n<li><strong>ISBN:<\/strong> 9780443138256, 9780128122006<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pages:<\/strong> 4794<\/li>\n<li><strong>Language:<\/strong> English (en)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reading_Word_Statistics\"><\/span>Reading &amp; Word Statistics<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Estimated Reading Time:<\/strong> 18103.97 minutes<\/li>\n<li><strong>Total Words:<\/strong> 3,620,793<\/li>\n<li><strong>Total Characters:<\/strong> 25,097,630<\/li>\n<li><strong>Average Words per Page:<\/strong> 755.28<\/li>\n<li><strong>Average Characters per Page:<\/strong> 5235.22<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Most_Frequent_Words\"><\/span>Most Frequent Words<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>patients (12873), clinical (11375), journal (11361), bone (9080), thyroid (9016), treatment (8124), endocrinology (7643), disease (7386), https (7333), org (7263), hormone (7156), doi (7138), risk (6260), diabetes (6145), also (6064), syndrome (5785), receptor (5734), pituitary (5598), cells (5561), growth (5498), levels (5477), metabolism (5442), associated (4938), endocrine (4662), study (4571), effects (4539), increased (4522), gene (4406), adrenal (4350), cancer (4247), type (4093), cell (4067), development (4062), studies (4043), therapy (4041), human (3968), insulin (3847), women (3817), diagnosis (3792), mutations (3772), function (3517), tumors (3504), between (3269), years (3243), however (3218), research (3177), due (3174), obesity (3160), expression (3121), men (3095), normal (3076), deficiency (3072), factors (3024), age (2987), management (2986), including (2920), high (2917), medicine (2911), surgery (2900), secretion (2895), cases (2893), role (2889), protein (2828), primary (2795), genetic (2754), low (2744), molecular (2742), tumor (2738), activity (2731), children (2727), glucose (2683), effect (2661), serum (2601), new (2433), fig (2389), diseases (2380), loss (2357), increase (2324), factor (2308), health (2285), tissue (2285), use (2248), one (2243), results (2231), disorders (2229), testosterone (2206), early (2206), blood (2201), reported (2197), metabolic (2186), hypothyroidism (2159), weight (2150), hypertension (2133), review (2122), two (2104), used (2097), medical (2086), cortisol (2077), tsh (2075), osteoporosis (2065).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>About the pagination of this eBook This eBook contains a multi-volume set. To navigate this eBook by page number, you will need to use the volume number and the page number, separated by a hyphen. For example, to go to page 5 of volume 1, type \u201c1-5\u201d in the Go box at the bottom of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":261359,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-261360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/261360","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=261360"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/261360\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/261359"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=261360"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=261360"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1kitap1.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=261360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}