A Concise Introduction To Mixed Methods Research – Cresswell

In Table 5.1, you can see the basic notation that has developed. It is certainly employed unevenly in mixed methods studies, but the plus sign (+) and the right arrow (→) have become standard features to signify that the quantitative and qualitative methods are being added together or that one follows the other. Thus, these are two symbols that you are likely to encounter in diagrams.

Less used are some of the other symbols, such as uppercase letters to indicate priority or emphasis of the quantitative or qualitative strand of the study and lowercase letters to indicate less priority or emphasis. Other symbols include parentheses, which are used to embed information, and brackets, which indicate individual studies within a series of studies. The idea of including notation has perhaps fallen out of favor in recent years in order to simplify the diagrams and not clutter them with information.

Back in 2006, Ivankova, Creswell, and Stick assembled key ideas that guide what goes into a diagram. Five parts are essential: 1. Boxes that show the data collection and analysis for both quantitative and qualitative research. 2. A circle that shows the interpretation phase of a study. 3. Procedures that attach to both the data collection and analysis phases of both quantitative and qualitative research.

These are shown as bulleted points positioned alongside the boxes. 4. Products that will result from each phase of data collection and analysis (represented by bullets positioned alongside the boxes). 5. Arrows that show the sequence of procedures. Other features are important as well. Essential Elements in a Procedural Diagram • Boxes indicate data collection and analysis.

• Circles indicate integration and interpretation. • Procedures are briefly described with text. • Products are briefly described with text. • Arrows indicate the sequence of procedures Title The diagram or figure needs to have a title that conveys the type of design being used. For example, you might frame the title this way: Figure 1. A Convergent Design of the Mixed Methods Study of Adolescent Smoking Behavior. This title mentions the type of design as well as the key intent or focus of the study.

Vertical or Horizontal Orientation The diagram can be drawn either vertically or horizontally on the page. Typically, the convergent design is drawn vertically and sequential designs are drawn horizontally. Writers need to consider their audience for these diagrams to determine what would be most appropriate. For example, most diagrams drawn for studies in the military or in the health sciences are drawn vertically to match the top-down structure found in these organizations.

This book is dedicated to Isabel Bickett Marshall (1914–2014), who raised me as a child, and who provided love, support, and a heightened sense of organization to my life and for my professional work. —JWC Copyright © 2015 by SAGE Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Creswell, John W., author. A concise introduction to mixed methods research / John W. Creswell, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. pages cm Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4833-5904-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Mixed methods research. 2. Social sciences—Research— Methodology. 3. Research—Methodology. I. Title. H62.C69618 2015 001.4′2—dc23 2014007517 This book is printed on acid-free paper. 14 15 16 17 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 FOR INFORMATION: SAGE Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 E-mail: [email protected] SAGE Publications Ltd.

1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 India SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. 3 Church Street #10-04 Samsung Hub Singapore 049483 Acquisitions Editor: Vicki Knight Assistant Editor: Katie Guarino Editorial Assistant: Jessica Miller Production Editor: Olivia Weber-Stenis Copy Editor: Rachel Keith Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd. Proofreader: Jennifer Grubba Indexer: Michael Ferreira Cover Designer: Candice Harman Marketing Manager: Nicole Elliott CONTENTS Preface Purpose of the Book Audience Features of a Concise Book Chapters in the Book Acknowledgments About the Author Chapter 1.

Basic Features of Mixed Methods Research Topics in the Chapter Understanding Mixed Methods Research What Mixed Methods Is What Mixed Methods Is Not Core Characteristics of Mixed Methods Collecting Quantitative and Qualitative Data Using Rigorous Methods Integrating Data Using a Framework Recommendations From This Chapter Additional Readings Chapter 2.

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