American Scientist – MarchApril 2026 – American Scientist (1)

However, there is one kind of case that would warrant stripping sci- ence recipients of a prize, namely, if they were later found guilty of scien- tific fraud, such as fabricating data. Such misconduct negates the claimed discovery and is inimical to the core value of science itself. The last Fellow ejected by the United Kingdom’s Royal Society, for instance, was Rudolf Erich Raspe, in 1775 for fraud. Relatively few revoca- tions are of this sort, however, and to- day revocation has become politicized, with scientific recognitions held hos- tage to activist pressure.

The Royal So- ciety rejected activist calls to eject Elon Musk, who had been named a Fellow in 2018 before he became involved in politics, but other organizations have succumbed to pressure, scurrying to add social causes to their mission statements or, as AAAS did, popping out an ad hoc revocation policy refer- encing social causes, but nothing about scientific fraud.

Such grandstanding has been criti- cized as a form of institutional “vir- tue signaling,” which refers to making empty statements of support for some popular moral cause not as a matter of conviction, but rather to protect or en- hance social status and reputation. The term was coined in a 2015 article titled “Easy Virtue” by journalist James Bar- tholomew to label objectionable cor- porate branding that touts some virtu- ous slogan as a reputational marketing tool.

The term is now commonly used by political activists on both the right and left against individuals or groups they oppose, painting them, fairly or not, as moral poseurs. Hopping on a moral bandwagon is phony (and often counterproductive), but as someone who studies virtue, I have to take exception to the overly broad negative view of signals of vir- tue.

This point is relevant to our as- sessment of scientific awards. Signaling Virtue It can be morally useful to signal vir- tue; doing so publicly can reinforce important community norms. What is problematic is what Bartholomew identified, namely, slapping up a fa- cade of virtue without actually be- ing virtuous—talking the talk but not walking the walk.

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This is a short excerpt from the opening of “” by Unknown, quoted for review and introduction purposes. All rights belong to the copyright holders.

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