Genes Vs Cultures Vs Consciosness – Andres Campero

His revolution also resulted in a dictatorship (although he died only 8 years after Fidel had reached power). Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) led the inde- pendence of India through many years of activism. His life is admirable for its congruence and consistency in many respects. Amazingly, he successfully employed a non-violent approach. He would walk peacefully and let himself to be beaten without returning any violence. He was vegetarian and lived modestly. After obtaining in- dependence from the British Empire, Gandhi continued to hold to his ideals and followed several fasts unto death with the aim of calling for the overcoming of reli- gious differences and violence.

He was assassinated by a Hindu nationalist. Gandhi also did some things that are quite questionable. He for example vowed to ab- stain from sex and tested himself by sleepingnaked with several women and girls. Gandhi also opposed the use of trains, doctors, education system, and technology in general. Philosophy of Life Battle II Friedrich Nietzsche vs Kongzi (Confucius) “If God does not exist, then everything is permit- ted.” (Dostoevsky, 1879] Under what reasons could any- one claim that someone should behave morally?

What Genes vs Cultures vs Consciousness should be the objective in one’s life? To these questions Confucius replied: harmony with the social. Nietzsche said the opposite: independence and freedom from the social. Confucius (571-479 BC) proposed a moral sys- tem that, as is usual with Chinese philosophy, is more practical than analytical. He never intended to give an ontological foundation or a deep epistemological analysis of the human being and of human moral- ity.

“Confucianism, like Taoism, is less concerned with finding the truth than with finding the Tao – the Way — to live in the world.” [Nisbett, 2003]. The goal of life for Confucius is to develop a permanent disposition to act morally: “At seventy, he had reached the peak of human transformation so that he could do everything following his own heart’s desire without transgressing the norm.” [Yao, 2000, Lunyu 2:4]. Because this state of effortless behavior is the most desirable, and because it can be achieved through morality, it follows, not that one ought to be moral, but rather, that it would be de- sirable for anyone.

II Genes and Evolution 20 Ill Culturesand Humans 34 IV Concepts and Artificial Intelligence 52 V Consciousness and Decision 70 VI Genes vs Cultures vs Consciousness 87 Acknowledgments 99 Bibliography 101 Genes vs Cultures vs Consciousness Preamble Our world is the product of many stories I want to tell one very important story. The story will draw from many scientific disciplines to answer some questions humans have been asking for a long time: What is thinking and how does it work?

How did it evolve and appear? Will it con- tinue to evolve? I can anticipate that we still don’t know the answers to these questions and that we are still often quite confused. But we have also made progress, never before had there been as many scientists, resources or interest focused on them, and we have achieved some understanding and clarification. The objective is to explore the story of the mind at a conceptual level.

I will try to cover only things which I find most interesting and insightful in a short way, avoiding technicalities as much as possible. As such, the book will have an unusually broad scope, bridging ideas across sciences and hu- manities and touching on Neuroscience, Computer Science, Biotechnology, Evolutionary History, Cog- nitive Science, Political Philosophy, and Artificial S Andres Campero Intelligence.

The result is far from a comprehen- sive treaty or a thorough development of the top- ics it contains; I purposefully and unpurposefully omit many details and non-details. Instead, it is an exposition of a certain biased; but informed per- spective. This seems like a good trade-offinthe 21* century if in exchange I manage to convey what I think is essential ina way that you find exciting and interesting.

The chapters can be seen as blocks that build into a story by conveying some aspect of the de- velopment, the history, the nature and the future ofthe mind. They form an interdisciplinary outline intended to be interesting to the general curious reader who is familiar with some of the topics, but also to the technical expert who can complement his expertise with an overall picture. Each chapter is followed by abriefdigressionaroundanidealfind . thought provoking. The underlying thread can be summed as follows.

The Mind isa computational structure which results from the mixture of Genes, Cultures and Consciousness. While these three interact in com- plex ways, they are ultimately computational sys- tems on their own which appeared at different stages of history and which follow their own select- ive processes operating at different time scales. As technology progresses, the distinction betweenthe three components materializes and will be a key determinant ofthe future.

This is a short excerpt from the opening of “” by Unknown, quoted for review and introduction purposes. All rights belong to the copyright holders.

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