Heat Exchangers – Kuppan Thulukkanam

As properties of the constituent materials and fabrication methods have improved, the use of composite pipe and vessels has increased accordingly. Modern composite materials have found wide use in the chemical process, petrochemical, and pulp and paper industries pri- marily because of their corrosion resistance compared to steel and other metals. The class of fiber reinforced plastics includes many combinations of matrix and reinforcement materials.

In weight sensitive applications such as offshore oil platforms, the primary attribute of interest is the weight savings when compared to exotic metal alloys that would otherwise be required to contain corrosive liquids [255]. 2.33.1 Fiberglass Tanks and Vessels The oil industry was one of the first to use fiberglass tanks. Fiberglass tanks were an obvious choice due to their light weight and corrosion resistance as compared to carbon steel tanks. For applications in very corrosive services composite tanks and vessels can be produced with in a dual laminate con- figuration –​ a fiberglass tank shell with a liner constructed of plastic.

2.33.1 ASME Code Section X Fiber-​Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels Provides requirements for construction of a fiber-​reinforced plastic pressure vessel (FRP) in conformance with a manufacturer’s design report. It includes production, processing, fabrica- tion, inspection and testing methods required for the vessel. Section X includes three Classes of vessel design: Class I and Class III –​ qualification through the destructive test of a prototype; and Class II –​ mandatory design rules and acceptance testing by nondestructive methods.

These vessels are not permitted to store, handle or process lethal fluids. Vessel fabrication is limited to the following processes: bag-​molding, centrifugal casting and filament-​winding and contact molding. Rules pertaining to the use of the ASME Certification Mark with the RP Designators are also included. Steels and nonferrous materials are used for containment, handling, and transporting of liquefied gas and liquefaction of gases. Other applications include stationary structures and mobile equipment exposed to adverse climates or operating conditions or both. Austenitic steels, stainless steels, double standardized and tempered fine grain nickel, steels, copper, and aluminum are excellent materials that can withstand cryogenic Temperatures below −150°C (−238°F) often are identified as cryogenic temperatures.

Temperatures for liquefying commonly used types of gases are below 100°C. The temperatures are approximately −162°C for LNG and approximately −184°C for liquefied ethylene gas. The motive for utilizing low-​temperature technology is that at cryogenic temperatures, liquid gases occupy much less volume than their pressurized gaseous state. Therefore, the containment vessels for liquid gases may be smaller, thinner (because of lower pressure), and less costly [256].

Material properties relevant at cryogenic temperature. The most important cryogenic material prop- erties are the following: (1) toughness, (2) DBTT, impact strength, (3) yield strength, (4) plastic deformation, (5) corrosion, (6) thermal conductivity, (7) thermal expansion, (8) specific heat, (9) fatigue behavior, (10) creep behavior, (11) magnetic properties, etc.

Manufacturing Methods covers mechanical design of pressure vessels and shell and tube heat exchangers, including bolted flange joint design, as well as selection of a wide spectrum of materials for heat exchanger construction, their physical properties, corrosion behavior, and fabrication methods like welding. Discussing the basics of quality control, the book includes ISO Standards for QMS, EMS, EnMS, and OSHAS and references modern quality concepts such as Kaizen, TPM, and TQM. It presents Six Sigma, including Lean tools, for heat exchangers manufacturing industries.

The book explores heat exchanger manufacturing methods such as fabrication of shell and tube heat exchangers and brazing and soldering of compact heat exchangers. The book serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the field of heat exchanger design, including pressure vessel manufacturers. Volume II Heat Exchangers Volume II: Mechanical Design, Materials Selection, Nondestructive Testing, and ii iii Heat Exchangers Mechanical Design, Materials Selection, Nondestructive Testing, and Manufacturing Methods Third Edition Kuppan Thulukkanam Volume II iv Designed cover image: courtesy of Villa Scambiatori Srl Italy Third edition published 2024 by CRC Press 2385 Executive Center Drive, Suite 320, Boca Raton, FL 33431 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2024 Kuppan Thulukkanam First edition published by Marcel-​Dekker 2000 Second edition published by CRC Press 2013 Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use.

The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.

This is a short excerpt from the opening of “” by Unknown, quoted for review and introduction purposes. All rights belong to the copyright holders.

Book Information

• Unique ID: 38bebdc3c4908216
• File Extension: .pdf
• File Size: 70,580,687 bytes (67.311 MB)
• Title: –
• Author: Unknown
• ISBN: 9781032399348, 9781032399355, 9781003352051
• Pages: 696
• Language: English (en)

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