Henry L Stimson The First Wise Man – David F Schmitz

Stimson noted that this was his hope and that he believed the crisis was caused “by the lack of confidence which made people withdraw their credits from Germany.” The Colonel told Grandi that he saw it as essential “to restore the confidence and set aside the psychology of fear” that was causing the continued problems. Both Grandi and Mussolini assured Stimson that Italy also continued to support disarmament as a means to ease the financial crisis.

Stimson told Mussolini that he thought it was critical that the nations agree to further arms reductions, arguing that “either Europe will change or go to the cycle of competition and war.” Stimson, however, agreed with Grandi that the settlement of Europe’s political problems rested first with a solution to the continent’s economic problems.15 In his meeting with Grandi, Stimson raised the question of Bolshevism and the political unrest in Europe. Grandi reported that there was little danger of Communism in Italy and no signs of political turmoil.

Although Stimson was glad to hear this, he told Grandi that he found Fascism to be “a form of government foreign to the American spirit” and wondered if the continuation of the dictatorship and nonconstitutional rule might sow the “seeds of grave danger.” Grandi quickly defended Mussolini’s rule by arguing that strong governmental control was necessary in Italy for the maintenance of order and stability.

He told Stimson that Italy was on the brink of ruin, ready to fall to Communism prior to the Fascist takeover. The foreign minister explained that he had joined the Fascists because “he saw the whole framework of society collapsing under attack from the left.” Stimson responded that “Americans could understand from their frontier experience that in a time of lawlessness there might be a need for vigilantes” as part of the development of the nation.16 From Rome, Stimson traveled to Paris where he confronted a new financial crisis in Germany.

The moratorium, weakened by France’s delay in agreement, had not stopped private creditors from withdrawing their German assets, and Germany was faced with bankruptcy. After consultations with Hoover, Stimson crossed the Channel to London to organize a meeting of European leaders to discuss this new problem. The secretary of state gained the acceptance of a standstill agreement on private debts that prevented the further removal of foreign capital from Germany.

This ended the immediate crisis, and Stimson left the issue of further assistance to Germany in the hands of private bankers. It was in this tense atmosphere that Stimson arrived in Berlin for meetings with German Chancellor Heinrich Bruening.

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OceanofPDF.com Volumes Published Lawrence S. Kaplan, Thomas Jefferson: Westward the Course of Empire (1999). Cloth ISBN 0-8420-2629-0 Paper ISBN 0-8420-2630-4 Richard H. Immerman, John Foster Dulles: Piety, Pragmatism, and Power in U.S. Foreign Policy (1999). Cloth ISBN 0-8420-2600-2 Paper ISBN 0- 8420-2601-0 Thomas W. Zeiler, Dean Rusk: Defending the American Mission Abroad (2000).

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104 Greenhill Avenue Wilmington, DE 19805-1897 www.scholarly.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schmitz, David F. Henry L. Stimson : the first wise man / David F. Schmitz.

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