Forensic Taphonomy The Postmortem Fate Of Human Remains – Marcella H Sorg

Side differences are left-right values, and sex differences are female-male values. Probabilities are two-tailed (* <.05, **<.001). ©1997 CRC Press LLC When the bone cross section is triangular, all three measures fail to represent the density per cross-sectional area, although that produced by BMDc is most consistent with the actual value. In the following section, summaries of the the sex, side, and age comparisons are discussed for each bone.

Tables 2 and 3 provide mean values and standard deviations; Tables 4 and 5 refer to the side and age relationships. Humerus Mann-Whitney U-tests show that there are significant differences in bone mineral densities by sex at a majority of sites in the humerus. The least difference is seen with VD in that no significant differences are apparent at the 65%, 80%, lesser tubercle, and humeral head sites.

When looking at either BMD and BMDc, however, significant sex differences are observed throughout the bone. Right and left density readings are highly correlated. Paired t-tests show that, although the mean measures of the left side were consistently lower than the right, there were few statistically significant differences in the density by side. The more distal portions of the humerus do suggest some sidedness, with statistically significant differences at the 10% site (VD and BMDc), the 20% site (BMDc), and the 35% site (BMD and BMDc).

This is probably Table 5 Correlation Coefficients and Significance Levels of Density Measurements with Age (*<.05, **<.001) BMDc BMDc Humerus Femur Distal ns –.242* –.347* Distal –.399* –.282* –.482** 10% –.372* –.369* –.456** 20% –.415* –.400* –.473** 20% –.350* –.344* –.512** 35% –.385** –.381* –.585** 35% –.398* –.423** –.447** 50% –.472** –.450** –.640** 50% –.339* –.275* –.494** 65% –.366* –.478** –.629** 65% –.517* –.453** –.540** 80% –.473** –.506** –.661** 80% –.377* –.393* –.630** Lesser tubercule –.537** –.525** –.672** Femoral neck –.609** –.519** –.627** Humeral head –.302* –.356* –.448** Femoral head –.472** –.474** –.536** Radius Tibia Ulnar notch ns ns –.378* 5% –.301* –.373* –.426** 20% –.391** –.354* –.548** 20% –.456** –.476** –.568** 35% –.367* –.324* –.605** 35% –.318* –.374* –.431** 50% –.375** –.358* –.634** 50% –.357* –.411** –.479** 65% –.370* –.379** –.541** 65% –.404** –.500** –.596** 80% –.342* –.369* –.464** 80% –.464** –.552** –.636** Radial neck –.436** –.458** –.576** 95% –.388* –.368* –.463** Radial head ns ns ns Ulna Fibula Ulnar head ns ns –.325* 10% –.375* –.361* –.611** 5% ns ns –.384* 20% –.349* –.356* –.551** 20% –.452** –.474** –.507** 35% –.322* –.343* –.605** 35% –.464** –.377* –.508** 50% –.264* –.253* –.510** 50% –.477** –.364* –.549** 65% ns ns –.487** 65% –.

498** –.472** –.606** 80% –.294* –.298* –.501** 80% –. 491** –.552** –.645** Olecranon ns ns –.278* –.304* –.355* –.460**

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Davis Foreword Gary Haynes The Editors Contributors Acknowledgment Introduction William D. Haglund and Marcella H. Sorg SECTION I Taphonomy in the Forensic Context 1 Method and Theory of Forensic Taphonomic Research William D. Haglund and Marcella H. Sorg Introduction Taphonomy in the Forensic Context The Fidelity of Inference Comments About the History of Taphonomic Theory and Models A Forensic Taphonomic Model Awareness of Investigator Bias The Present State of Taphonomic “Information” in Forensic Science Summary 2 Context Delicti: Archaeological Context in Forensic Work Douglas D.

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